Học Laravel – Bài 30: Eloquent

php artisan make:model Flight

php artisan make:model Flight --migration

# Generate a model and a FlightFactory class...
php artisan make:model Flight --factory
php artisan make:model Flight -f
 
# Generate a model and a FlightSeeder class...
php artisan make:model Flight --seed
php artisan make:model Flight -s
 
# Generate a model and a FlightController class...
php artisan make:model Flight --controller
php artisan make:model Flight -c
 
# Generate a model, FlightController resource class, and form request classes...
php artisan make:model Flight --controller --resource --requests
php artisan make:model Flight -crR
 
# Generate a model and a FlightPolicy class...
php artisan make:model Flight --policy
 
# Generate a model and a migration, factory, seeder, and controller...
php artisan make:model Flight -mfsc
 
# Shortcut to generate a model, migration, factory, seeder, policy, controller, and form requests...
php artisan make:model Flight --all
 
# Generate a pivot model...
php artisan make:model Member --pivot
php artisan make:model Member -p

php artisan model:show Flight

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class Flight extends Model
{
    // ...
}

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class Flight extends Model
{
    /**
     * The table associated with the model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $table = 'my_flights';
}

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class Flight extends Model
{
    /**
     * The primary key associated with the table.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $primaryKey = 'flight_id';
}

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class Flight extends Model
{
    /**
     * Indicates if the model should be timestamped.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    public $timestamps = false;
}

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class Flight extends Model
{
    /**
     * The database connection that should be used by the model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $connection = 'sqlite';
}

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class Flight extends Model
{
    /**
     * The model's default values for attributes.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $attributes = [
        'options' => '[]',
        'delayed' => false,
    ];
}

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Model::preventLazyLoading(! $this->app->isProduction());
}

Model::preventSilentlyDiscardingAttributes(! $this->app->isProduction());

use App\Models\Flight;
 
foreach (Flight::all() as $flight) {
    echo $flight->name;
}

$flights = Flight::where('active', 1)
               ->orderBy('name')
               ->take(10)
               ->get();

$flight = Flight::where('number', 'FR 900')->first();
 
$freshFlight = $flight->fresh();

$flight = Flight::where('number', 'FR 900')->first();
 
$flight->number = 'FR 456';
 
$flight->refresh();
 
$flight->number; // "FR 900"

$flights = Flight::where('destination', 'Paris')->get();
 
$flights = $flights->reject(function (Flight $flight) {
    return $flight->cancelled;
});

use App\Models\Flight;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
 
Flight::chunk(200, function (Collection $flights) {
    foreach ($flights as $flight) {
        // ...
    }
});

Flight::where('departed', true)
    ->chunkById(200, function (Collection $flights) {
        $flights->each->update(['departed' => false]);
    }, $column = 'id');

use App\Models\Flight;
 
foreach (Flight::lazy() as $flight) {
    $flight->update(['departed' => false]);
}

Flight::where('departed', true)
    ->lazyById(200, $column = 'id')
    ->each->update(['departed' => false]);

use App\Models\Flight;
 
foreach (Flight::where('destination', 'Zurich')->cursor() as $flight) {
    // ...
}

use App\Models\User;
 
$users = User::cursor()->filter(function (User $user) {
    return $user->id > 500;
});
 
foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo $user->id;
}

use App\Models\Destination;
use App\Models\Flight;
 
return Destination::addSelect(['last_flight' => Flight::select('name')
    ->whereColumn('destination_id', 'destinations.id')
    ->orderByDesc('arrived_at')
    ->limit(1)
])->get();

return Destination::orderByDesc(
    Flight::select('arrived_at')
        ->whereColumn('destination_id', 'destinations.id')
        ->orderByDesc('arrived_at')
        ->limit(1)
)->get();

use App\Models\Flight;
 
// Retrieve a model by its primary key...
$flight = Flight::find(1);
 
// Retrieve the first model matching the query constraints...
$flight = Flight::where('active', 1)->first();
 
// Alternative to retrieving the first model matching the query constraints...
$flight = Flight::firstWhere('active', 1);

$flight = Flight::findOr(1, function () {
    // ...
});
 
$flight = Flight::where('legs', '>', 3)->firstOr(function () {
    // ...
});

$flight = Flight::findOrFail(1);
 
$flight = Flight::where('legs', '>', 3)->firstOrFail();

use App\Models\Flight;
 
Route::get('/api/flights/{id}', function (string $id) {
    return Flight::findOrFail($id);
});

use App\Models\Flight;
 
// Retrieve flight by name or create it if it doesn't exist...
$flight = Flight::firstOrCreate([
    'name' => 'London to Paris'
]);
 
// Retrieve flight by name or create it with the name, delayed, and arrival_time attributes...
$flight = Flight::firstOrCreate(
    ['name' => 'London to Paris'],
    ['delayed' => 1, 'arrival_time' => '11:30']
);
 
// Retrieve flight by name or instantiate a new Flight instance...
$flight = Flight::firstOrNew([
    'name' => 'London to Paris'
]);
 
// Retrieve flight by name or instantiate with the name, delayed, and arrival_time attributes...
$flight = Flight::firstOrNew(
    ['name' => 'Tokyo to Sydney'],
    ['delayed' => 1, 'arrival_time' => '11:30']
);

$count = Flight::where('active', 1)->count();
 
$max = Flight::where('active', 1)->max('price');

<?php
 
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Models\Flight;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
class FlightController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Store a new flight in the database.
     */
    public function store(Request $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        // Validate the request...
 
        $flight = new Flight;
 
        $flight->name = $request->name;
 
        $flight->save();
 
        return redirect('/flights');
    }
}

use App\Models\Flight;
 
$flight = Flight::create([
    'name' => 'London to Paris',
]);

use App\Models\Flight;
 
$flight = Flight::find(1);
 
$flight->name = 'Paris to London';
 
$flight->save();

Flight::where('active', 1)
      ->where('destination', 'San Diego')
      ->update(['delayed' => 1]);

use App\Models\User;
 
$user = User::create([
    'first_name' => 'Taylor',
    'last_name' => 'Otwell',
    'title' => 'Developer',
]);
 
$user->title = 'Painter';
 
$user->isDirty(); // true
$user->isDirty('title'); // true
$user->isDirty('first_name'); // false
$user->isDirty(['first_name', 'title']); // true
 
$user->isClean(); // false
$user->isClean('title'); // false
$user->isClean('first_name'); // true
$user->isClean(['first_name', 'title']); // false
 
$user->save();
 
$user->isDirty(); // false
$user->isClean(); // true

$user = User::create([
    'first_name' => 'Taylor',
    'last_name' => 'Otwell',
    'title' => 'Developer',
]);
 
$user->title = 'Painter';
 
$user->save();
 
$user->wasChanged(); // true
$user->wasChanged('title'); // true
$user->wasChanged(['title', 'slug']); // true
$user->wasChanged('first_name'); // false
$user->wasChanged(['first_name', 'title']); // true

$user = User::find(1);
 
$user->name; // John
$user->email; // john@example.com
 
$user->name = "Jack";
$user->name; // Jack
 
$user->getOriginal('name'); // John
$user->getOriginal(); // Array of original attributes...

use App\Models\Flight;
 
$flight = Flight::create([
    'name' => 'London to Paris',
]);

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class Flight extends Model
{
    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = ['name'];
}

$flight = Flight::create(['name' => 'London to Paris']);

$flight->fill(['name' => 'Amsterdam to Frankfurt']);

/**
 * The attributes that aren't mass assignable.
 *
 * @var array
 */
protected $guarded = [];

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Model::preventSilentlyDiscardingAttributes($this->app->isLocal());
}

$flight = Flight::updateOrCreate(
    ['departure' => 'Oakland', 'destination' => 'San Diego'],
    ['price' => 99, 'discounted' => 1]
);

Flight::upsert([
    ['departure' => 'Oakland', 'destination' => 'San Diego', 'price' => 99],
    ['departure' => 'Chicago', 'destination' => 'New York', 'price' => 150]
], ['departure', 'destination'], ['price']);

use App\Models\Flight;
 
$flight = Flight::find(1);
 
$flight->delete();

Flight::truncate();

Flight::destroy(1);
 
Flight::destroy(1, 2, 3);
 
Flight::destroy([1, 2, 3]);
 
Flight::destroy(collect([1, 2, 3]));

$deleted = Flight::where('active', 0)->delete();

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
 
class Flight extends Model
{
    use SoftDeletes;
}

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
 
Schema::table('flights', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->softDeletes();
});
 
Schema::table('flights', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->dropSoftDeletes();
});

if ($flight->trashed()) {
    // ...
}

$flight->restore();

Flight::withTrashed()
        ->where('airline_id', 1)
        ->restore();

$flight->forceDelete();

use App\Models\Flight;
 
$flights = Flight::withTrashed()
                ->where('account_id', 1)
                ->get();

$flights = Flight::onlyTrashed()
                ->where('airline_id', 1)
                ->get();

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Prunable;
 
class Flight extends Model
{
    use Prunable;
 
    /**
     * Get the prunable model query.
     */
    public function prunable(): Builder
    {
        return static::where('created_at', '<=', now()->subMonth());
    }
}

/**
 * Prepare the model for pruning.
 */
protected function pruning(): void
{
    // ...
}

/**
 * Define the application's command schedule.
 */
protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule): void
{
    $schedule->command('model:prune')->daily();
}

$schedule->command('model:prune', [
    '--model' => [Address::class, Flight::class],
])->daily();

$schedule->command('model:prune', [
    '--except' => [Address::class, Flight::class],
])->daily();

php artisan model:prune --pretend

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\MassPrunable;
 
class Flight extends Model
{
    use MassPrunable;
 
    /**
     * Get the prunable model query.
     */
    public function prunable(): Builder
    {
        return static::where('created_at', '<=', now()->subMonth());
    }
}

use App\Models\Address;
 
$shipping = Address::create([
    'type' => 'shipping',
    'line_1' => '123 Example Street',
    'city' => 'Victorville',
    'state' => 'CA',
    'postcode' => '90001',
]);
 
$billing = $shipping->replicate()->fill([
    'type' => 'billing'
]);
 
$billing->save();

$flight = Flight::create([
    'destination' => 'LAX',
    'origin' => 'LHR',
    'last_flown' => '2020-03-04 11:00:00',
    'last_pilot_id' => 747,
]);
 
$flight = $flight->replicate([
    'last_flown',
    'last_pilot_id'
]);

php artisan make:scope AncientScope

<?php
 
namespace App\Models\Scopes;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Scope;
 
class AncientScope implements Scope
{
    /**
     * Apply the scope to a given Eloquent query builder.
     */
    public function apply(Builder $builder, Model $model): void
    {
        $builder->where('created_at', '<', now()->subYears(2000));
    }
}

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use App\Models\Scopes\AncientScope;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class User extends Model
{
    /**
     * The "booted" method of the model.
     */
    protected static function booted(): void
    {
        static::addGlobalScope(new AncientScope);
    }
}

select * from `users` where `created_at` < 0021-02-18 00:00:00

protected static function booted(): void
{
    static::addGlobalScope('ancient', function (Builder $builder) {
        $builder->where('created_at', '<', now()->subYears(2000));
    });
}

User::withoutGlobalScope(AncientScope::class)->get();

User::withoutGlobalScope('ancient')->get();

// Remove all of the global scopes...
User::withoutGlobalScopes()->get();
 
// Remove some of the global scopes...
User::withoutGlobalScopes([
    FirstScope::class, SecondScope::class
])->get();

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class User extends Model
{
    /**
     * Scope a query to only include popular users.
     */
    public function scopePopular(Builder $query): void
    {
        $query->where('votes', '>', 100);
    }
 
    /**
     * Scope a query to only include active users.
     */
    public function scopeActive(Builder $query): void
    {
        $query->where('active', 1);
    }
}

use App\Models\User;
 
$users = User::popular()->active()->orderBy('created_at')->get();
Z

$users = User::popular()->orWhere(function (Builder $query) {
    $query->active();
})->get();

$users = User::popular()->orWhere->active()->get();

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class User extends Model
{
    /**
     * Scope a query to only include users of a given type.
     */
    public function scopeOfType(Builder $query, string $type): void
    {
        $query->where('type', $type);
    }
}

$users = User::ofType('admin')->get();

if ($post->is($anotherPost)) {
    // ...
}
 
if ($post->isNot($anotherPost)) {
    // ...
}

if ($post->author()->is($user)) {
    // ...
}

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use App\Events\UserDeleted;
use App\Events\UserSaved;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
 
class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use Notifiable;
 
    /**
     * The event map for the model.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $dispatchesEvents = [
        'saved' => UserSaved::class,
        'deleted' => UserDeleted::class,
    ];
}

<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class User extends Model
{
    /**
     * The "booted" method of the model.
     */
    protected static function booted(): void
    {
        static::created(function (User $user) {
            // ...
        });
    }
}

use function Illuminate\Events\queueable;
 
static::created(queueable(function (User $user) {
    // ...
}));

php artisan make:observer UserObserver --model=User

<?php
 
namespace App\Observers;
 
use App\Models\User;
 
class UserObserver
{
    /**
     * Handle the User "created" event.
     */
    public function created(User $user): void
    {
        // ...
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the User "updated" event.
     */
    public function updated(User $user): void
    {
        // ...
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the User "deleted" event.
     */
    public function deleted(User $user): void
    {
        // ...
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the User "restored" event.
     */
    public function restored(User $user): void
    {
        // ...
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the User "forceDeleted" event.
     */
    public function forceDeleted(User $user): void
    {
        // ...
    }
}

use App\Models\User;
use App\Observers\UserObserver;
 
/**
 * Register any events for your application.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    User::observe(UserObserver::class);
}

use App\Models\User;
use App\Observers\UserObserver;
 
/**
 * The model observers for your application.
 *
 * @var array
 */
protected $observers = [
    User::class => [UserObserver::class],
];